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==Test Design Using Expected Failure Time Plots==
#REDIRECT [[Reliability Test Design]]
Test duration is one of the key factors that should be considered in designing a test. If the expected test duration can be estimated prior to the test, test resources can be better allocated. In this section, we will explain how to estimate the expected test time based on test sample size and the assumed underlying failure distribution.
 
 
The binomial equation used in non-parametric demonstration test design is the base for predicting expected failure times. The equation is:
 
<center><math>1-CL=\underset{i=0}{\overset{r}{\mathop \sum }}\,\frac{n!}{i!\cdot (n-i)!}\cdot {{(1-{{R}_{TEST}})}^{i}}\cdot R_{TEST}^{(n-i)}</math></center>
 
where:
 
::<math>\begin{align}
& CL= \text{the required confidence level} \\
& r= \text{the number of failures} \\
& n= \text{the total number of units on test} \\
& {{R}_{TEST}}= \text{the reliability on test} 
\end{align}</math>
 
 
If ''CL'', ''r'' and ''n'' are given, the ''R'' value can be solved from the above equation. When ''CL''=0.5, the solved ''R'' (or ''Q'', the probability of failure whose value is 1-''R'') is the so called '''median rank''' for the corresponding failure. Please see [[Median Ranks]].
 
 
For example, given ''n'' = 4, ''r'' = 2 and ''CL'' = 0.5, the calculated ''Q'' is 0.385728. This means, at the time when the second failure occurs, the estimated system probability of failure is 0.385728. The median rank can be calculated in Weibull++ using the '''Quick Statistical Reference''', as shown below:
 
[[Image: Expected Failure Plot Median Rank.png|thumb|center|250px| ]]
 
 
Similarly, if we set ''r'' = 3 for the above example, we can get the probability of failure at the time when the third failure occurs. Using the estimated median rank for each failure and the assumed underlying failure distribution, we can calculate the expected time for each failure. Assume the failure distribution is Weibull, then we know:
 
<center> <math>Q=1-{{e}^{{{\left( \frac{t}{\eta } \right)}^{\beta }}}}</math> </center>
 
where:
: <math>\beta </math> is the shape parameter
: <math>\eta</math> is the scale parameter
 
 
Using the above equation, for a given ''Q'', we can get the corresponding time ''t''. The above calculation gives the '''median''' of each failure time for ''CL'' = 0.5. If we set ''CL'' at different values, the confidence bounds of each failure time can be obtained. For the above example, if we set ''CL''=0.9, from the calculated ''Q'' we can get the upper bound of the time for each failure. The calculated ''Q'' is given in the next figure:
 
[[Image: Expected Failure Plot 0.9 Rank.png|thumb|center|250px| ]]
 
 
If we set ''CL''=0.1, from the calculated ''Q'' we can get the lower bound of the time for each failure. The calculated ''Q'' is given in the figure below:
 
[[Image: Expected Failure Plot 0.1 Rank.png|thumb|center|250px| ]]
 
 
'''Example 6:'''
{{Example: Test Design Using Expected Failure Times Plot}}

Latest revision as of 08:05, 29 June 2012

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