View source for Appendix: Log-Likelihood Equations

{{Template:LDABOOK|Appendix D|Log-Likelihood Equations}}

This appendix covers the log-likelihood functions and their associated partial derivatives for most of the distributions available in Weibull++. These distributions are discussed in more detail in the chapter for each distribution. 
===Weibull Log-Likelihood Functions and their Partials===
====The Two-Parameter Weibull====
This log-likelihood function is composed of three summation portions:

::<math>\begin{align}
 \ln (L)= & \Lambda =\underset{i=1}{\overset{{{F}_{e}}}{\mathop \sum }}\,{{N}_{i}}\ln \left[ \frac{\beta }{\eta }{{\left( \frac{{{T}_{i}}}{\eta } \right)}^{\beta -1}}{{e}^{-{{\left( \tfrac{{{T}_{i}}}{\eta } \right)}^{\beta }}}} \right]-\underset{i=1}{\overset{S}{\mathop \sum }}\,N_{i}^{\prime }{{\left( \frac{T_{i}^{\prime }}{\eta } \right)}^{\beta }} \\ 
   & \text{  }+\underset{i=1}{\overset{FI}{\mathop \sum }}\,N_{i}^{\prime \prime }\ln \left[ {{e}^{-{{\left( \tfrac{T_{Li}^{\prime \prime }}{\eta } \right)}^{\beta }}}}-{{e}^{-{{\left( \tfrac{T_{Ri}^{\prime \prime }}{\eta } \right)}^{\beta }}}} \right]   
\end{align}\,\!</math>

where:

:*<math>{{F}_{e}}\,\!</math> is the number of groups of times-to-failure data points
:*<math>{{N}_{i}}\,\!</math> is the number of times-to-failure in the <math>{{i}^{th}}\,\!</math> time-to-failure data group
:*<math>\beta \,\!</math> is the Weibull shape parameter (unknown a priori, the first of two parameters to be found)
:*<math>\eta \,\!</math> is the Weibull scale parameter (unknown a priori, the second of two parameters to be found)
:*<math>{{T}_{i}}\,\!</math> is the time of the <math>{{i}^{th}}\,\!</math> group of time-to-failure data
:*<math>S\,\!</math> is the number of groups of suspension data points
:*<math>N_{i}^{\prime }\,\!</math> is the number of suspensions in <math>{{i}^{th}}\,\!</math> group of suspension data points
:*<math>T_{i}^{\prime }\,\!</math> is the time of the <math>{{i}^{th}}\,\!</math> suspension data group
:*<math>FI\,\!</math> is the number of interval failure data groups
:*<math>N_{i}^{\prime \prime }\,\!</math> is the number of intervals in <math>{{i}^{th}}\,\!</math> group of data intervals
:*<math>T_{Li}^{\prime \prime }\,\!</math> is the beginning of the <math>{{i}^{th}}\,\!</math> interval
:*<math>T_{Ri}^{\prime \prime }\,\!</math> is the ending of the <math>{{i}^{th}}\,\!</math> interval 

For the purposes of MLE, left censored data will be considered to be intervals with <math>T_{Li}^{\prime \prime }=0.\,\!</math>

The solution will be found by solving for a pair of parameters <math>\left( \widehat{\beta },\widehat{\eta } \right)\,\!</math> so that <math>\tfrac{\partial \Lambda }{\partial \beta }=0\,\!</math> and <math>\tfrac{\partial \Lambda }{\partial \eta }=0.\,\!</math> It should be noted that other methods can also be used, such as direct maximization of the likelihood function, without having to compute the derivatives.


::<math>\begin{align}
  \frac{\partial \Lambda }{\partial \beta }= & \frac{1}{\beta }\underset{i=1}{\overset{{{F}_{e}}}{\mathop{\sum }}}\,{{N}_{i}}+\underset{i=1}{\overset{{{F}_{e}}}{\mathop{\sum }}}\,{{N}_{i}}\ln \left( \frac{{{T}_{i}}}{\eta } \right) \\ 
   & -\underset{i=1}{\overset{{{F}_{e}}}{\mathop{\sum }}}\,{{N}_{i}}{{\left( \frac{{{T}_{i}}}{\eta } \right)}^{\beta }}\ln \left( \frac{{{T}_{i}}}{\eta } \right)-\underset{i=1}{\overset{S}{\mathop{\sum }}}\,N_{i}^{\prime }{{\left( \frac{T_{i}^{\prime }}{\eta } \right)}^{\beta }}\ln \left( \frac{T_{i}^{\prime }}{\eta } \right) \\ 
   & +\underset{i=1}{\overset{FI}{\mathop{\sum }}}\,N_{i}^{\prime \prime }\frac{-{{\left( \tfrac{T_{Li}^{\prime \prime }}{\eta } \right)}^{\beta }}\ln \left( \tfrac{T_{Li}^{\prime \prime }}{\eta } \right){{e}^{-{{\left( \tfrac{T_{Li}^{\prime \prime }}{\eta } \right)}^{\beta }}}}+{{\left( \tfrac{T_{Ri}^{\prime \prime }}{\eta } \right)}^{\beta }}\ln \left( \tfrac{T_{Ri}^{\prime \prime }}{\eta } \right){{e}^{-{{\left( \tfrac{T_{Ri}^{\prime \prime }}{\eta } \right)}^{\beta }}}}}{{{e}^{-{{\left( \tfrac{T_{Li}^{\prime \prime }}{\eta } \right)}^{\beta }}}}-{{e}^{-{{\left( \tfrac{T_{Ri}^{\prime \prime }}{\eta } \right)}^{\beta }}}}}  
\end{align}\,\!</math>



::<math>\begin{align}
   \frac{\partial \Lambda }{\partial \eta }= & \frac{-\beta }{\eta }\underset{i=1}{\overset{{{F}_{e}}}{\mathop{\sum }}}\,{{N}_{i}}+\frac{\beta }{\eta }\underset{i=1}{\overset{{{F}_{e}}}{\mathop{\sum }}}\,{{N}_{i}}{{\left( \frac{{{T}_{i}}}{\eta } \right)}^{\beta }} \\ 
   & +\frac{\beta }{\eta }\underset{i=1}{\overset{S}{\mathop{\sum }}}\,N_{i}^{\prime }{{\left( \frac{T_{i}^{\prime }}{\eta } \right)}^{\beta }} \\ 
   & +\underset{i=1}{\overset{FI}{\mathop{\sum }}}\,N_{i}^{\prime \prime }\frac{\left( \tfrac{\beta }{\eta } \right){{\left( \tfrac{T_{Li}^{\prime \prime }}{\eta } \right)}^{\beta }}{{e}^{-{{\left( \tfrac{T_{Li}^{\prime \prime }}{\eta } \right)}^{\beta }}}}-\left( \tfrac{\beta }{\eta } \right){{\left( \tfrac{T_{Ri}^{\prime \prime }}{\eta } \right)}^{\beta }}{{e}^{-{{\left( \tfrac{T_{Ri}^{\prime \prime }}{\eta } \right)}^{\beta }}}}}{{{e}^{-{{\left( \tfrac{T_{Li}^{\prime \prime }}{\eta } \right)}^{\beta }}}}-{{e}^{-{{\left( \tfrac{T_{Ri}^{\prime \prime }}{\eta } \right)}^{\beta }}}}}  
\end{align}\,\!</math>

====  The Three-Parameter Weibull====
This log-likelihood function is again composed of three summation portions:

::<math>\begin{align}
   \ln (L)= & \Lambda =\underset{i=1}{\overset{{{F}_{e}}}{\mathop \sum }}\,{{N}_{i}}\ln \left[ \frac{\beta }{\eta }{{\left( \frac{{{T}_{i}}-\gamma }{\eta } \right)}^{\beta -1}}{{e}^{-{{\left( \tfrac{{{T}_{i}}-\gamma }{\eta } \right)}^{\beta }}}} \right]-\underset{i=1}{\overset{S}{\mathop \sum }}\,N_{i}^{\prime }{{\left( \frac{T_{i}^{\prime }-\gamma }{\eta } \right)}^{\beta }} \\ 
   &  \\ 
   & +\underset{i=1}{\overset{FI}{\mathop \sum }}\,N_{i}^{\prime \prime }\ln \left[ {{e}^{-{{\left( \tfrac{T_{Li}^{\prime \prime }-\gamma }{\eta } \right)}^{\beta }}}}-{{e}^{-{{\left( \tfrac{T_{Ri}^{\prime \prime }-\gamma }{\eta } \right)}^{\beta }}}} \right]  
\end{align}\,\!</math>

where:

:*<math>{{F}_{e}}\,\!</math> is the number of groups of times-to-failure data points
:*<math>{{N}_{i}}\,\!</math> is the number of times-to-failure in the <math>{{i}^{th}}\,\!</math> time-to-failure data group
:*<math>\beta \,\!</math> is the Weibull shape parameter (unknown a priori, the first of three parameters to be found)
:*<math>\eta \,\!</math> is the Weibull scale parameter (unknown a priori, the second of three parameters to be found)
:*<math>{{T}_{i}}\,\!</math> is the time of the <math>{{i}^{th}}\,\!</math> group of time-to-failure data
:*<math>\gamma \,\!</math> is the Weibull location parameter (unknown a priori, the third of three parameters to be found)
:*<math>S\,\!</math> is the number of groups of suspension data points
:*<math>N_{i}^{\prime }\,\!</math> is the number of suspensions in <math>{{i}^{th}}\,\!</math> group of suspension data points
:*<math>T_{i}^{\prime }\,\!</math> is the time of the <math>{{i}^{th}}\,\!</math> suspension data group
:*<math>FI\,\!</math> is the number of interval data groups
:*<math>N_{i}^{\prime \prime }\,\!</math> is the number of intervals in the <math>{{i}^{th}}\,\!</math> group of data intervals
:*<math>T_{Li}^{\prime \prime }\,\!</math> is the beginning of the <math>{{i}^{th}}\,\!</math> interval
:*and <math>T_{Ri}^{\prime \prime }\,\!</math> is the ending of the <math>{{i}^{th}}\,\!</math> interval

The solution is found by solving for <math>\left( \widehat{\beta },\widehat{\eta },\widehat{\gamma } \right)\,\!</math> so that <math>\tfrac{\partial \Lambda }{\partial \beta }=0,\,\!</math> <math>\tfrac{\partial \Lambda }{\partial \eta }=0,\,\!</math> and <math>\tfrac{\partial \Lambda }{\partial \gamma }=0.\,\!</math>


::<math>\begin{align}
   \frac{\partial \Lambda }{\partial \beta }= & \frac{1}{\beta }\underset{i=1}{\overset{{{F}_{e}}}{\mathop{\sum }}}\,{{N}_{i}}+\underset{i=1}{\overset{{{F}_{e}}}{\mathop{\sum }}}\,{{N}_{i}}\ln \left( \frac{{{T}_{i}}-\gamma }{\eta } \right)-\underset{i=1}{\overset{{{F}_{e}}}{\mathop{\sum }}}\,{{N}_{i}}{{\left( \frac{{{T}_{i}}-\gamma }{\eta } \right)}^{\beta }}\ln \left( \frac{{{T}_{i}}-\gamma }{\eta } \right) \\ 
   & -\underset{i=1}{\overset{S}{\mathop{\sum }}}\,N_{i}^{\prime }{{\left( \frac{T_{i}^{\prime }-\gamma }{\eta } \right)}^{\beta }}\ln \left( \frac{T_{i}^{\prime }-\gamma }{\eta } \right) \\ 
   & +\underset{i=1}{\overset{FI}{\mathop{\sum }}}\,N_{i}^{\prime \prime }\frac{-{{\left( \tfrac{T_{Li}^{\prime \prime }-\gamma }{\eta } \right)}^{\beta }}\ln \left( \tfrac{T_{Li}^{\prime \prime }-\gamma }{\eta } \right){{e}^{-{{\left( \tfrac{T_{Li}^{\prime \prime }-\gamma }{\eta } \right)}^{\beta }}}}}{{{e}^{-{{\left( \tfrac{T_{Li}^{\prime \prime }-\gamma }{\eta } \right)}^{\beta }}}}-{{e}^{-{{\left( \tfrac{T_{Ri}^{\prime \prime }-\gamma }{\eta } \right)}^{\beta }}}}} \\ 
   & +\underset{i=1}{\overset{FI}{\mathop{\sum }}}\,N_{i}^{\prime \prime }\frac{{{\left( \tfrac{T_{Ri}^{\prime \prime }-\gamma }{\eta } \right)}^{\beta }}\ln \left( \tfrac{T_{Ri}^{\prime \prime }-\gamma }{\eta } \right){{e}^{-{{\left( \tfrac{T_{Ri}^{\prime \prime }-\gamma }{\eta } \right)}^{\beta }}}}}{{{e}^{-{{\left( \tfrac{T_{Li}^{\prime \prime }-\gamma }{\eta } \right)}^{\beta }}}}-{{e}^{-{{\left( \tfrac{T_{Ri}^{\prime \prime }-\gamma }{\eta } \right)}^{\beta }}}}}  
\end{align}\,\!</math>



::<math>\begin{align}
   \frac{\partial \Lambda }{\partial \eta }= & \frac{-\beta }{\eta }\underset{i=1}{\overset{{{F}_{e}}}{\mathop{\sum }}}\,{{N}_{i}}+\frac{\beta }{\eta }\underset{i=1}{\overset{{{F}_{e}}}{\mathop{\sum }}}\,{{N}_{i}}{{\left( \frac{{{T}_{i}}-\gamma }{\eta } \right)}^{\beta }}+\underset{i=1}{\overset{S}{\mathop{\sum }}}\,N_{i}^{\prime }{{\left( \frac{T_{i}^{\prime }-\gamma }{\eta } \right)}^{\beta }}\left( \frac{\beta }{\eta } \right) \\ 
   & +\underset{i=1}{\overset{FI}{\mathop{\sum }}}\,N_{i}^{\prime \prime }\frac{\tfrac{\beta }{\eta }{{\left( \tfrac{T_{Li}^{\prime \prime }-\gamma }{\eta } \right)}^{\beta }}\ln \left( \tfrac{T_{Li}^{\prime \prime }-\gamma }{\eta } \right){{e}^{-{{\left( \tfrac{T_{Li}^{\prime \prime }-\gamma }{\eta } \right)}^{\beta }}}}}{{{e}^{-{{\left( \tfrac{T_{Li}^{\prime \prime }-\gamma }{\eta } \right)}^{\beta }}}}-{{e}^{-{{\left( \tfrac{T_{Ri}^{\prime \prime }-\gamma }{\eta } \right)}^{\beta }}}}} \\ 
   & -\underset{i=1}{\overset{FI}{\mathop{\sum }}}\,N_{i}^{\prime \prime }\frac{\tfrac{\beta }{\eta }{{\left( \tfrac{T_{Ri}^{\prime \prime }-\gamma }{\eta } \right)}^{\beta }}\ln \left( \tfrac{T_{Ri}^{\prime \prime }-\gamma }{\eta } \right){{e}^{-{{\left( \tfrac{T_{Ri}^{\prime \prime }-\gamma }{\eta } \right)}^{\beta }}}}}{{{e}^{-{{\left( \tfrac{T_{Li}^{\prime \prime }-\gamma }{\eta } \right)}^{\beta }}}}-{{e}^{-{{\left( \tfrac{T_{Ri}^{\prime \prime }-\gamma }{\eta } \right)}^{\beta }}}}}  
\end{align}\,\!</math>




::<math>\begin{align}
   \frac{\partial \Lambda }{\partial \gamma }= & \left( 1-\beta  \right)\underset{i=1}{\overset{{{F}_{e}}}{\mathop{\sum }}}\,\left( \frac{{{N}_{i}}}{{{T}_{i}}-\gamma } \right)+\underset{i=1}{\overset{{{F}_{e}}}{\mathop{\sum }}}\,{{N}_{i}}{{\left( \frac{{{T}_{i}}-\gamma }{\eta } \right)}^{\beta }}\left( \frac{\beta }{{{T}_{i}}-\gamma } \right) \\ 
   & +\underset{i=1}{\overset{S}{\mathop{\sum }}}\,N_{i}^{\prime }{{\left( \frac{T_{i}^{\prime }-\gamma }{\eta } \right)}^{\beta }}\left( \frac{\beta }{T_{i}^{\prime }-\gamma } \right) \\ 
   & +\underset{i=1}{\overset{FI}{\mathop{\sum }}}\,N_{i}^{\prime \prime }\frac{\tfrac{\beta }{T_{Li}^{\prime \prime }-\gamma }{{\left( \tfrac{T_{Li}^{\prime \prime }-\gamma }{\eta } \right)}^{\beta }}{{e}^{-{{\left( \tfrac{T_{Li}^{\prime \prime }-\gamma }{\eta } \right)}^{\beta }}}}-\tfrac{\beta }{T_{Ri}^{\prime \prime }-\gamma }{{\left( \tfrac{T_{Ri}^{\prime \prime }-\gamma }{\eta } \right)}^{\beta }}{{e}^{-{{\left( \tfrac{T_{Ri}^{\prime \prime }-\gamma }{\eta } \right)}^{\beta }}}}}{{{e}^{-{{\left( \tfrac{T_{Li}^{\prime \prime }-\gamma }{\eta } \right)}^{\beta }}}}-{{e}^{-{{\left( \tfrac{T_{Ri}^{\prime \prime }-\gamma }{\eta } \right)}^{\beta }}}}}  
\end{align}\,\!</math>


It should be pointed out that the solution to the three-parameter Weibull via MLE is not always stable and can collapse if <math>\beta \sim 1.\,\!</math> In estimating the true MLE of the three-parameter Weibull distribution, two difficulties arise. The first is a problem of non-regularity and the second is the parameter divergence problem, as discussed in Hirose [[Appendix:_Life_Data_Analysis_References|[14]]].

Non-regularity occurs when <math>\beta \le 2.\,\!</math> In general, there are no MLE solutions in the region of <math>0<\beta <1.\,\!</math> When <math>1<\beta <2,\,\!</math> MLE solutions exist but are not asymptotically normal, as discussed in Hirose [[Appendix:_Life_Data_Analysis_References|[14]]]. In the case of non-regularity, the solution is treated anomalously.

Weibull++ attempts to find a solution in all of the regions using a variety of methods, but the user should be forewarned that not all possible data can be addressed. Thus, some solutions using MLE for the three-parameter Weibull will fail when the algorithm has reached predefined limits or fails to converge. In these cases, the user can change to the non-true MLE approach (in Weibull++ Application Setup), where <math>\gamma \,\!</math> is estimated using non-linear regression. Once <math>\gamma \,\!</math> is obtained, the MLE estimates of <math>\widehat{\beta }\,\!</math> and <math>\widehat{\eta }\,\!</math> are computed using the transformation <math>T_{i}^{\prime }=({{T}_{i}}-\gamma ).\,\!</math>

===  Exponential Log-Likelihood Functions and their Partials===
==== The One-Parameter Exponential====
This log-likelihood function is composed of three summation portions:

::<math>\ln (L)=\Lambda =\underset{i=1}{\overset{{{F}_{e}}}{\mathop \sum }}\,{{N}_{i}}\ln \left[ \lambda {{e}^{-\lambda {{T}_{i}}}} \right]-\underset{i=1}{\overset{S}{\mathop \sum }}\,N_{i}^{\prime }\lambda T_{i}^{\prime }+\underset{i=1}{\overset{FI}{\mathop \sum }}\,N_{i}^{\prime \prime }\ln \left[ {{e}^{-\lambda T_{Li}^{\prime \prime }}}-{{e}^{-\lambda T_{Ri}^{\prime \prime }}} \right]\,\!</math>

where:

:*<math>{{F}_{e}}\,\!</math> is the number of groups of times-to-failure data points
:*<math>{{N}_{i}}\,\!</math> is the number of times-to-failure in the <math>{{i}^{th}}\,\!</math> time-to-failure data group
:*<math>\lambda \,\!</math> is the failure rate parameter (unknown a priori, the only parameter to be found)
:*<math>{{T}_{i}}\,\!</math> is the time of the <math>{{i}^{th}}\,\!</math> group of time-to-failure data
:*<math>S\,\!</math> is the number of groups of suspension data points
:*<math>N_{i}^{\prime }\,\!</math> is the number of suspensions in the <math>{{i}^{th}}\,\!</math> group of suspension data points
:*<math>T_{i}^{\prime }\,\!</math> is the time of the <math>{{i}^{th}}\,\!</math> suspension data group
:*<math>FI\,\!</math> is the number of interval data groups
:*<math>N_{i}^{\prime \prime }\,\!</math> is the number of intervals in the <math>{{i}^{th}}\,\!</math> group of data intervals
:*<math>T_{Li}^{\prime \prime }\,\!</math> is the beginning of the <math>{{i}^{th}}\,\!</math> interval
:*<math>T_{Ri}^{\prime \prime }\,\!</math> is the ending of the <math>{{i}^{th}}\,\!</math> interval

The solution will be found by solving for a parameter <math>\widehat{\lambda }\,\!</math> so that <math>\tfrac{\partial \Lambda }{\partial \lambda }=0.\,\!</math> Note that for <math>FI=0\,\!</math> there exists a closed form solution.

::<math>\begin{align}
  \frac{\partial \Lambda }{\partial \lambda }= & \underset{i=1}{\overset{{{F}_{e}}}{\mathop \sum }}\,{{N}_{i}}\left( \frac{1}{\lambda }-{{T}_{i}} \right)-\underset{i=1}{\overset{S}{\mathop \sum }}\,N_{i}^{\prime }T_{i}^{\prime } \\ 
  & -\underset{i=1}{\overset{FI}{\mathop \sum }}\,N_{i}^{\prime \prime }\left[ \frac{T_{Li}^{\prime \prime }{{e}^{-\lambda T_{Li}^{\prime \prime }}}-T_{Ri}^{\prime \prime }{{e}^{-\lambda T_{Ri}^{\prime \prime }}}}{{{e}^{-\lambda T_{Li}^{\prime \prime }}}-{{e}^{-\lambda T_{Ri}^{\prime \prime }}}} \right]  
\end{align}\,\!</math>

====  The Two-Parameter Exponential====
This log-likelihood function for the two-parameter exponential distribution is very similar to that of the one-parameter distribution and is composed of three summation portions:


::<math>\begin{align}
  & \ln (L)= & \Lambda =\underset{i=1}{\overset{{{F}_{e}}}{\mathop \sum }}\,{{N}_{i}}\ln \left[ \lambda {{e}^{-\lambda \left( {{T}_{i}}-\gamma  \right)}} \right]-\underset{i=1}{\overset{S}{\mathop \sum }}\,N_{i}^{\prime }\lambda \left( T_{i}^{\prime }-\gamma  \right) \\ 
 &  & \ \ +\underset{i=1}{\overset{FI}{\mathop \sum }}\,N_{i}^{\prime \prime }\ln \left[ {{e}^{-\lambda \left( T_{Li}^{\prime \prime }-\gamma  \right)}}-{{e}^{-\lambda \left( T_{Ri}^{\prime \prime }-\gamma  \right)}} \right],  
\end{align}\,\!</math>

where:

:*<math>{{F}_{e}}\,\!</math> is the number of groups of times-to-failure data points
:*<math>{{N}_{i}}\,\!</math> is the number of times-to-failure in the <math>{{i}^{th}}\,\!</math> time-to-failure data group
:*<math>\lambda \,\!</math> is the failure rate parameter (unknown a priori, the first of two parameters to be found)
:*<math>\gamma \,\!</math> is the location parameter (unknown a priori, the second of two parameters to be found)
:*<math>{{T}_{i}}\,\!</math> is the time of the <math>{{i}^{th}}\,\!</math> group of time-to-failure data
:*<math>S\,\!</math> is the number of groups of suspension data points
:*<math>N_{i}^{\prime }\,\!</math> is the number of suspensions in the <math>{{i}^{th}}\,\!</math> group of suspension data points
:*<math>T_{i}^{\prime }\,\!</math> is the time of the <math>{{i}^{th}}\,\!</math> suspension data group
:*<math>FI\,\!</math> is the number of interval data groups
:*<math>N_{i}^{\prime \prime }\,\!</math> is the number of intervals in the <math>{{i}^{th}}\,\!</math> group of data intervals
:*<math>T_{Li}^{\prime \prime }\,\!</math> is the beginning of the <math>{{i}^{th}}\,\!</math> interval
:*<math>T_{Ri}^{\prime \prime }\,\!</math> is the ending of the <math>{{i}^{th}}\,\!</math> interval

To find the two-parameter solution, look at the partial derivatives <math>\tfrac{\partial \Lambda }{\partial \lambda }</math> and <math>\tfrac{\partial \Lambda }{\partial \gamma}</math>:

::<math>\begin{align}
   \frac{\partial \Lambda }{\partial \lambda }= & \underset{i=1}{\overset{{{F}_{e}}}{\mathop \sum }}\,{{N}_{i}}\left[ \frac{1}{\lambda }-\left( {{T}_{i}}-\gamma  \right) \right] \\ 
   & -\underset{i=1}{\overset{S}{\mathop \sum }}\,N_{i}^{\prime }\left( T_{i}^{\prime }-\gamma  \right) \\ 
   & -\underset{i=1}{\overset{FI}{\mathop \sum }}\,N_{i}^{\prime \prime }\left[ \frac{\left( T_{Li}^{\prime \prime }-\gamma  \right){{e}^{-\lambda \left( T_{Li}^{\prime \prime }-{{\gamma }_{0}} \right)}}-\left( T_{Ri}^{\prime \prime }-\gamma  \right){{e}^{-\lambda \left( T_{Ri}^{\prime \prime }-\gamma  \right)}}}{{{e}^{-\lambda \left( T_{Li}^{\prime \prime }-\gamma  \right)}}-{{e}^{-\lambda \left( T_{Ri}^{\prime \prime }-\gamma  \right)}}} \right]  
\end{align}\,\!</math>

and

::<math>\begin{align}\frac{\partial \Lambda }{\partial \gamma }=\underset{i=1}{\overset{{{F}_{e}}}{\mathop \sum }}\,{{N}_{i}}\lambda +\underset{i=1}{\overset{S}{\mathop \sum }}\,N_{i}^{\prime }\lambda +\underset{i=1}{\overset{FI}{\mathop \sum }}\,N_{i}^{\prime \prime }\lambda \,\!\end{align}</math>.

From here we see that <math>\frac{\partial \Lambda }{\partial \gamma}</math> is a positive, constant function of <math>\gamma</math>.  As alluded to in the chapter on the exponential distribution, this implies that the log-likelihood function <math>\Lambda</math> is, for fixed <math>\lambda</math>, an increasing function of <math>\gamma</math>.  Thus the MLE for <math>\gamma</math> is its largest possible value <math>T_1</math>.  Therefore, to find the full MLE solution <math>(\widehat{\lambda },\widehat{\gamma})</math> for the two-parameter exponential distribution, one should set <math>\gamma</math> equal to the first failure time and then find (numerically) a <math>\lambda</math> such that <math>\tfrac{\partial \Lambda}{\partial \lambda} = 0</math>.

The 3D Plot utility in Weibull++ further illustrates this behavior of the log-likelihood function, as shown next:

[[image: appendixc__127.gif|center|350px]]

===  Normal Log-Likelihood Functions and their Partials===
The complete normal likelihood function (without the constant) is composed of three summation portions:


::<math>\begin{align}
   \ln (L)= & \Lambda =\underset{i=1}{\overset{{{F}_{e}}}{\mathop \sum }}\,{{N}_{i}}\ln \left[ \frac{1}{\sigma }\phi \left( \frac{{{T}_{i}}-\mu }{\sigma } \right) \right] \\ 
   & +\underset{i=1}{\overset{S}{\mathop \sum }}\,N_{i}^{^{\prime }}\ln \left[ 1-\Phi \left( \frac{T_{i}^{^{\prime }}-\mu }{\sigma } \right) \right] \\ 
   & \text{ }+\underset{i=1}{\overset{{{F}_{i}}}{\mathop \sum }}\,N_{i}^{^{\prime \prime }}\ln \left[ \Phi \left( \frac{T_{{{R}_{i}}}^{^{\prime \prime }}-\mu }{\sigma } \right)-\Phi \left( \frac{T_{{{L}_{i}}}^{^{\prime \prime }}-\mu }{\sigma } \right) \right]  
\end{align}\,\!</math>


where:

:*<math>{{F}_{e}}\,\!</math> is the number of groups of times-to-failure data points
:*<math>{{N}_{i}}\,\!</math> is the number of times-to-failure in the <math>{{i}^{th}}\,\!</math> time-to-failure data group
:*<math>\mu \,\!</math> is the mean parameter (unknown a priori, the first of two parameters to be found)
:*<math>\sigma \,\!</math> is the standard deviation parameter (unknown a priori, the second of two parameters to be found)
:*<math>{{T}_{i}}\,\!</math> is the time of the <math>{{i}^{th}}\,\!</math> group of time-to-failure data
:*<math>S\,\!</math> is the number of groups of suspension data points
:*<math>N_{i}^{\prime }\,\!</math> is the number of suspensions in the <math>{{i}^{th}}\,\!</math> group of suspension data points
:*<math>T_{i}^{\prime }\,\!</math> is the time of the <math>{{i}^{th}}\,\!</math> suspension data group
:*<math>{{F}_{i}}\,\!</math> is the number of interval data groups
:*<math>N_{i}^{\prime \prime }\,\!</math> is the number of intervals in the <math>{{i}^{th}}\,\!</math> group of data intervals
:*<math>T_{Li}^{\prime \prime }\,\!</math> is the beginning of the <math>{{i}^{th}}\,\!</math> interval
:*<math>T_{Ri}^{\prime \prime }\,\!</math> is the ending of the <math>{{i}^{th}}\,\!</math> interval

The solution will be found by solving for a pair of parameters <math>\left( {{\mu }_{0}},{{\sigma }_{0}} \right)\,\!</math> so that <math>\tfrac{\partial \Lambda }{\partial \mu }=0\,\!</math> and <math>\tfrac{\partial \Lambda }{\partial \sigma }=0.\,\!</math>


::<math>\begin{align}
   \frac{\partial \Lambda }{\partial \mu }= & \frac{1}{{{\sigma }^{2}}}\underset{i=1}{\overset{{{F}_{e}}}{\mathop \sum }}\,{{N}_{i}}({{T}_{i}}-\mu ) \\ 
   & +\frac{1}{\sigma }\underset{i=1}{\overset{S}{\mathop \sum }}\,N_{i}^{\prime }\frac{\phi \left( \tfrac{T_{i}^{\prime }-\mu }{\sigma } \right)}{1-\Phi \left( \tfrac{T_{i}^{\prime }-\mu }{\sigma } \right)} \\ 
   & -\frac{1}{\sigma }\underset{i=1}{\overset{{{F}_{i}}}{\mathop \sum }}\,N_{i}^{\prime \prime }\frac{\phi \left( \tfrac{T_{Ri}^{\prime \prime }-\mu }{\sigma } \right)-\phi \left( \tfrac{T_{Li}^{\prime \prime }-\mu }{\sigma } \right)}{\Phi \left( \tfrac{T_{Ri}^{\prime \prime }-\mu }{\sigma } \right)-\Phi \left( \tfrac{T_{Li}^{\prime \prime }-\mu }{\sigma } \right)}  
\end{align}\,\!</math>



::<math>\begin{align}
   \frac{\partial \Lambda }{\partial \sigma }= & \underset{i=1}{\overset{{{F}_{e}}}{\mathop \sum }}\,{{N}_{i}}\left( \frac{{{\left( {{T}_{i}}-\mu  \right)}^{2}}}{{{\sigma }^{3}}}-\frac{1}{\sigma } \right) \\ 
   & +\frac{1}{\sigma }\underset{i=1}{\overset{S}{\mathop \sum }}\,N_{i}^{\prime }\frac{\left( \tfrac{T_{i}^{\prime }-\mu }{\sigma } \right)\phi \left( \tfrac{T_{i}^{\prime }-\mu }{\sigma } \right)}{1-\Phi \left( \tfrac{T_{i}^{\prime }-\mu }{\sigma } \right)} \\ 
   & -\frac{1}{\sigma }\underset{i=1}{\overset{{{F}_{i}}}{\mathop \sum }}\,N_{i}^{\prime \prime }\frac{\left( \tfrac{T_{Ri}^{\prime \prime }-\mu }{\sigma } \right)\phi \left( \tfrac{T_{Ri}^{\prime \prime }-\mu }{\sigma } \right)-\left( \tfrac{T_{Li}^{\prime \prime }-\mu }{\sigma } \right)\phi \left( \tfrac{T_{Li}^{\prime \prime }-\mu }{\sigma } \right)}{\Phi \left( \tfrac{T_{Ri}^{\prime \prime }-\mu }{\sigma } \right)-\Phi \left( \tfrac{T_{Li}^{\prime \prime }-\mu }{\sigma } \right)}  
\end{align}\,\!</math>

where:

::<math>\phi \left( x \right)=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2\pi }}{{e}^{-\tfrac{{{x}^{2}}}{2}}}\,\!</math>

and:

::<math>\Phi (x)=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2\pi }}\int_{-\infty }^{x}{{e}^{-\tfrac{{{t}^{2}}}{2}}}dt\,\!</math>


====  Complete Data====
Note that for the normal distribution, and in the case of complete data only (as was shown in [[Basic Statistical Background]]), there exists a closed-form solution for both of the parameters or:


::<math>\widehat{\mu }=\widehat{{\bar{T}}}=\frac{1}{N}\underset{i=1}{\overset{N}{\mathop \sum }}\,{{T}_{i}}\,\!</math>

and:

::<math>\begin{align}
   \hat{\sigma }_{T}^{2}= & \frac{1}{N}\underset{i=1}{\overset{N}{\mathop \sum }}\,{{({{T}_{i}}-\bar{T})}^{2}} \\ 
  {{{\hat{\sigma }}}_{T}}= & \sqrt{\frac{1}{N}\underset{i=1}{\overset{N}{\mathop \sum }}\,{{({{T}_{i}}-\bar{T})}^{2}}}  
\end{align}\,\!</math>

===  Lognormal Log-Likelihood Functions and their Partials===
The general log-likelihood function (without the constant) for the lognormal distribution is composed of three summation portions: 


::<math>\begin{align}
   \ln (L)= & \Lambda =\underset{i=1}{\overset{{{F}_{e}}}{\mathop \sum }}\,{{N}_{i}}\ln \left[ \frac{1}{{{T}_{i}} {{\sigma }_{{{T}'}}}}\phi \left( \frac{\ln \left( {{T}_{i}} \right)-{\mu }'}{{{\sigma }_{{{T}'}}}} \right) \right] \\ 
   & \text{ }+\underset{i=1}{\overset{S}{\mathop \sum }}\,N_{i}^{\prime }\ln \left[ 1-\Phi \left( \frac{\ln \left( T_{i}^{\prime } \right)-{\mu }'}{{{\sigma }_{{{T}'}}}} \right) \right] \\ 
   & \text{ }+\underset{i=1}{\overset{FI}{\mathop \sum }}\,N_{i}^{\prime \prime }\ln \left[ \Phi \left( \frac{\ln \left( T_{Ri}^{\prime \prime } \right)-{\mu }'}{{{\sigma }_{{{T}'}}}} \right)-\Phi \left( \frac{\ln \left( T_{Li}^{\prime \prime } \right)-{\mu }'}{{{\sigma }_{{{T}'}}}} \right) \right]  
\end{align}\,\!</math>

where:

:*<math>{{F}_{e}}\,\!</math> is the number of groups of times-to-failure data points
:*<math>{{N}_{i}}\,\!</math> is the number of times-to-failure in the <math>{{i}^{th}}\,\!</math> time-to-failure data group
:*<math>{\mu }'\,\!</math> is the mean of the natural logarithms of the times-to-failure (unknown a priori, the first of two parameters to be found)
:*<math>{{\sigma }_{{{T}'}}}\,\!</math> is the standard deviation of the natural logarithms of the times-to-failure (unknown a priori, the second of two parameters to be found)
:*<math>{{T}_{i}}\,\!</math> is the time of the <math>{{i}^{th}}\,\!</math> group of time-to-failure data
:*<math>S\,\!</math> is the number of groups of suspension data points
:*<math>N_{i}^{\prime }\,\!</math> is the number of suspensions in the <math>{{i}^{th}}\,\!</math> group of suspension data points
:*<math>T_{i}^{\prime }\,\!</math> is the time of the <math>{{i}^{th}}\,\!</math> suspension data group
:*<math>FI\,\!</math> is the number of interval data groups
:*<math>N_{i}^{\prime \prime }\,\!</math> is the number of intervals in the <math>{{i}^{th}}\,\!</math> group of data intervals
:*<math>T_{Li}^{\prime \prime }\,\!</math> is the beginning of the <math>{{i}^{th}}\,\!</math> interval
:*<math>T_{Ri}^{\prime \prime }\,\!</math> is the ending of the <math>{{i}^{th}}\,\!</math> interval

The solution will be found by solving for a pair of parameters <math>\left( {\mu }',{{\sigma }_{{{T}'}}} \right)\,\!</math> so that <math>\tfrac{\partial \Lambda }{\partial {\mu }'}=0\,\!</math> and <math>\tfrac{\partial \Lambda }{\partial {{\sigma }_{{{T}'}}}}=0\,\!</math>:



::<math>\begin{align}
   \frac{\partial \Lambda }{\partial {\mu }'}= & \frac{1}{\sigma _{{{T}'}}^{2}}\underset{i=1}{\overset{{{F}_{e}}}{\mathop \sum }}\,N_{i}(\ln ({{T}_{i}})-{\mu }') \\ 
   & +\frac{1}{{{\sigma }_{{{T}'}}}}\underset{i=1}{\overset{S}{\mathop \sum }}\,N_{i}^{\prime }\frac{\phi \left( \tfrac{\ln \left( T_{i}^{\prime } \right)-{\mu }'}{{{\sigma }_{{{T}'}}}} \right)}{1-\Phi \left( \tfrac{\ln \left( T_{i}^{\prime } \right)-{\mu }'}{{{\sigma }_{{{T}'}}}} \right)} \\ 
   & \ \ -\underset{i=1}{\overset{FI}{\mathop \sum }}\,\frac{N_{i}^{\prime \prime }}{\sigma }\frac{\phi \left( \tfrac{\ln \left( T_{Ri}^{\prime \prime } \right)-{\mu }'}{{{\sigma }_{{{T}'}}}} \right)-\phi \left( \tfrac{\ln \left( T_{Li}^{\prime \prime } \right)-{\mu }'}{{{\sigma }_{{{T}'}}}} \right)}{\Phi \left( \tfrac{\ln \left( T_{Ri}^{\prime \prime } \right)-{\mu }'}{{{\sigma }_{{{T}'}}}} \right)-\Phi \left( \tfrac{\ln \left( T_{Li}^{\prime \prime } \right)-{\mu }'}{{{\sigma }_{{{T}'}}}} \right)}  
\end{align}\,\!</math>



::<math>\begin{align}
   \frac{\partial \Lambda }{\partial {{\sigma }_{{{T}'}}}}= & \underset{i=1}{\overset{{{F}_{e}}}{\mathop \sum }}\,N_{i}\left( \frac{{{\left( \ln ({{T}_{i}})-{\mu }' \right)}^{2}}}{\sigma _{{{T}'}}^{3}}-\frac{1}{{{\sigma }_{{{T}'}}}} \right) \\ 
   & +\frac{1}{{{\sigma }_{{{T}'}}}}\underset{i=1}{\overset{S}{\mathop \sum }}\,N_{i}^{\prime }\frac{\left( \tfrac{\ln \left( T_{i}^{\prime } \right)-{\mu }'}{{{\sigma }_{{{T}'}}}} \right)\phi \left( \tfrac{\ln \left( T_{i}^{\prime } \right)-{\mu }'}{{{\sigma }_{{{T}'}}}} \right)}{1-\Phi \left( \tfrac{\ln \left( T_{i}^{\prime } \right)-{\mu }'}{{{\sigma }_{{{T}'}}}} \right)} \\ 
   & -\frac{1}{{{\sigma }_{{{T}'}}}}\underset{i=1}{\overset{FI}{\mathop \sum }}\,N_{i}^{\prime \prime }\frac{\left( \tfrac{\ln \left( T_{Ri}^{\prime \prime } \right)-{\mu }'}{{{\sigma }_{{{T}'}}}} \right)\phi \left( \tfrac{\ln \left( T_{Ri}^{\prime \prime } \right)-{\mu }'}{{{\sigma }_{{{T}'}}}} \right)-\left( \tfrac{\ln \left( T_{Li}^{\prime \prime } \right)-{\mu }'}{{{\sigma }_{{{T}'}}}} \right)\phi \left( \tfrac{\ln \left( T_{Li}^{\prime \prime } \right)-{\mu }'}{{{\sigma }_{{{T}'}}}} \right)}{\Phi \left( \tfrac{\ln \left( T_{Ri}^{\prime \prime } \right)-{\mu }'}{{{\sigma }_{{{T}'}}}} \right)-\Phi \left( \tfrac{\ln \left( T_{Li}^{\prime \prime } \right)-{\mu }'}{{{\sigma }_{{{T}'}}}} \right)}  
\end{align}\,\!</math>

where:

::<math>\phi \left( x \right)=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2\pi }}\cdot {{e}^{-\tfrac{{{x}^{2}}}{2}}}\,\!</math>

and:

::<math>\Phi (x)=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2\pi }}\int_{-\infty }^{x}{{e}^{-\tfrac{{{t}^{2}}}{2}}}dt\,\!</math>

===  Mixed Weibull Log-Likelihood Functions and their Partials===
The log-likelihood function  (without the constant) is composed of three summation portions: 

::<math>\begin{align}
   \ln (L)= & \Lambda =\underset{i=1}{\overset{{{F}_{e}}}{\mathop \sum }}\,{{N}_{i}}\ln \left[ \underset{k=1}{\overset{Q}{\mathop \sum }}\,{{\rho }_{k}}\frac{{{\beta }_{k}}}{{{\eta }_{k}}}{{\left( \frac{{{T}_{i}}}{{{\eta }_{k}}} \right)}^{{{\beta }_{k}}-1}}{{e}^{-{{\left( \tfrac{{{T}_{i}}}{{{\eta }_{k}}} \right)}^{{{\beta }_{k}}}}}} \right] \\ 
   & \text{ }+\underset{i=1}{\overset{S}{\mathop \sum }}\,N_{i}^{\prime }\ln \left[ \underset{k=1}{\overset{Q}{\mathop \sum }}\,{{\rho }_{k}}{{e}^{-{{\left( \tfrac{T_{i}^{\prime }}{{{\eta }_{k}}} \right)}^{{{\beta }_{k}}}}}} \right] \\ 
   & \text{ }+\underset{i=1}{\overset{FI}{\mathop \sum }}\,N_{i}^{\prime \prime }\ln \left[ \underset{k=1}{\overset{Q}{\mathop \sum }}\,{{\rho }_{k}}\frac{{{\beta }_{k}}}{{{\eta }_{k}}}{{\left( \frac{T_{Li}^{\prime \prime }+T_{Ri}^{\prime \prime }}{2{{\eta }_{k}}} \right)}^{{{\beta }_{k}}-1}}{{e}^{-{{\left( \tfrac{T_{Li}^{\prime \prime }+T_{Ri}^{\prime \prime }}{2{{\eta }_{k}}} \right)}^{{{\beta }_{k}}}}}} \right]  
\end{align}\,\!</math>
 
where:

:*<math>{{F}_{e}}\,\!</math> is the number of groups of times-to-failure data points
:*<math>{{N}_{i}}\,\!</math> is the number of times-to-failure in the <math>{{i}^{th}}\,\!</math> time-to-failure data group
:*<math>Q\,\!</math> is the number of subpopulations
:*<math>{{\rho }_{k}}\,\!</math> is the proportionality of the <math>{{k}^{th}}\,\!</math> subpopulation (unknown a priori, the first set of three sets of parameters to be found)
:*<math>{{\beta }_{k}}\,\!</math> is the Weibull shape parameter of the <math>{{k}^{th}}\,\!</math> subpopulation (unknown a priori, the second set of three sets of parameters to be found)
:*<math>{{\eta }_{k}}\,\!</math> is the Weibull scale parameter (unknown a priori, the third set of three sets of parameters to be found)
:*<math>{{T}_{i}}\,\!</math> is the time of the <math>{{i}^{th}}\,\!</math> group of time-to-failure data
:*<math>S\,\!</math> is the number of groups of suspension data points
:*<math>N_{i}^{\prime }\,\!</math> is the number of suspensions in <math>{{i}^{th}}\,\!</math> group of suspension data points
:*<math>T_{i}^{\prime }\,\!</math> is the time of the <math>{{i}^{th}}\,\!</math> suspension data group
:*<math>FI\,\!</math> is the number of groups of interval data points
:*<math>N_{i}^{\prime \prime }\,\!</math> is the number of intervals in <math>{{i}^{th}}\,\!</math> group of data intervals
:*<math>T_{Li}^{\prime \prime }\,\!</math> is the beginning of the <math>{{i}^{th}}\,\!</math> interval
:*<math>T_{Ri}^{\prime \prime }\,\!</math> is the ending of the <math>{{i}^{th}}\,\!</math> interval

The solution will be found by solving for a group of parameters:

::<math>\left( \widehat{{{\rho }_{1,}}}\widehat{{{\beta }_{1}}},\widehat{{{\eta }_{1}}},\widehat{{{\rho }_{2,}}}\widehat{{{\beta }_{2}}},\widehat{{{\eta }_{2}}},...,\widehat{{{\rho }_{Q,}}}\widehat{{{\beta }_{Q}}},\widehat{{{\eta }_{Q}}} \right)\,\!</math>

so that:

::<math>\begin{align}
   \frac{\partial \Lambda }{\partial {{\rho }_{1}}}= & 0,\frac{\partial \Lambda }{\partial {{\beta }_{1}}}=0,\frac{\partial \Lambda }{\partial {{\eta }_{1}}}=0 \\ 
  \frac{\partial \Lambda }{\partial {{\rho }_{2}}}= & 0,\frac{\partial \Lambda }{\partial {{\beta }_{2}}}=0,\frac{\partial \Lambda }{\partial {{\eta }_{2}}}=0 \\ 
    \vdots  \\ 
  \frac{\partial \Lambda }{\partial {{\rho }_{Q-1}}}= & 0,\frac{\partial \Lambda }{\partial {{\beta }_{Q-1}}}=0,\frac{\partial \Lambda }{\partial {{\eta }_{Q-1}}}=0 \\ 
  \frac{\partial \Lambda }{\partial {{\beta }_{Q}}}= & 0,\text{ and }\frac{\partial \Lambda }{\partial {{\eta }_{Q}}}=0  
\end{align}\,\!</math>

===  Logistic Log-Likelihood Functions and their Partials===
This log-likelihood function is composed of three summation portions:

::<math>\begin{align}
  \ln (L)= & \Lambda =\underset{i=1}{\mathop{\overset{{{F}_{e}}}{\mathop{\underset{}{\overset{}{\mathop \sum }}\,}}\,}}\,{{N}_{i}}\ln \left( \frac{{{e}^{\tfrac{{{T}_{i}}-\mu }{\sigma }}}}{\sigma {{(1+{{e}^{\tfrac{{{T}_{i}}-\mu }{\sigma }}})}^{2}}} \right)-\underset{i=1}{\mathop{\overset{S}{\mathop{\underset{}{\overset{}{\mathop \sum }}\,}}\,}}\,N_{i}^{^{\prime }}\ln (1+{{e}^{\tfrac{T_{i}^{^{\prime }}-\mu }{\sigma }}}) \\ 
 & +\underset{i=1}{\mathop{\overset{{{F}_{I}}}{\mathop{\underset{}{\overset{}{\mathop \sum }}\,}}\,}}\,N_{i}^{^{\prime \prime }}\ln \left( \frac{1}{1+{{e}^{\tfrac{T_{{{L}_{i}}}^{^{\prime \prime }}-\mu }{\sigma }}}}-\frac{1}{1+{{e}^{\tfrac{T_{{{R}_{i}}}^{^{\prime \prime }}-\mu }{\sigma }}}} \right)  
\end{align}\,\!</math>

where:

:*<math>{{F}_{e}}\,\!</math> is the number of groups of times-to-failure data points
:*<math>{{N}_{i}}\,\!</math> is the number of times-to-failure in the <math>{{i}^{th}}\,\!</math> time-to-failure data group
:*<math>\mu \,\!</math> is the logistic shape parameter (unknown a priori, the first of two parameters to be found)
:*<math>\eta \,\!</math> is the logistic scale parameter (unknown a priori, the second of two parameters to be found)
:*<math>{{T}_{i}}\,\!</math> is the time of the <math>{{i}^{th}}\,\!</math> group of time-to-failure data
:*<math>S\,\!</math> is the number of groups of suspension data points
:*<math>N_{i}^{\prime }\,\!</math> is the number of suspensions in <math>{{i}^{th}}\,\!</math> group of suspension data points
:*<math>T_{i}^{\prime }\,\!</math> is the time of the <math>{{i}^{th}}\,\!</math> suspension data group
:*<math>FI\,\!</math> is the number of interval failure data group
:*<math>N_{i}^{\prime \prime }\,\!</math> is the number of intervals in <math>{{i}^{th}}\,\!</math> group of data intervals
:*<math>T_{Li}^{\prime \prime }\,\!</math> is the beginning of the <math>{{i}^{th}}\,\!</math> interval
:*<math>T_{Ri}^{\prime \prime }\,\!</math> is the ending of the <math>{{i}^{th}}\,\!</math> interval

For the purposes of MLE, left censored data will be considered to be intervals with <math>T_{Li}^{\prime \prime }=0.\,\!</math>

The solution of the maximum log-likelihood function is found by solving for (<math>\widehat{\mu },\widehat{\sigma })\,\!</math> so that <math>\tfrac{\partial \Lambda }{\partial \mu }=0,\tfrac{\partial \Lambda }{\partial \sigma }=0.\,\!</math>


::<math>\begin{align}
   \frac{\partial \Lambda }{\partial \mu }= & -\frac{1}{\sigma }\underset{i=1}{\mathop{\overset{{{F}_{e}}}{\mathop{\underset{}{\overset{}{\mathop \sum }}\,}}\,}}\,{{N}_{i}}+\frac{2}{\sigma }\underset{i=1}{\mathop{\overset{{{F}_{e}}}{\mathop{\underset{}{\overset{}{\mathop \sum }}\,}}\,}}\,{{N}_{i}}\frac{{{e}^{\tfrac{{{T}_{i}}-\mu }{\sigma }}}}{1+{{e}^{\tfrac{{{T}_{i}}-\mu }{\sigma }}}}+\frac{1}{\sigma }\underset{i=1}{\mathop{\overset{S}{\mathop{\underset{}{\overset{}{\mathop \sum }}\,}}\,}}\,N_{i}^{^{\prime }}\frac{{{e}^{\tfrac{T_{i}^{^{\prime }}-\mu }{\sigma }}}}{1+{{e}^{\tfrac{T_{i}^{^{\prime }}-\mu }{\sigma }}}} \\ 
 & -\frac{\underset{i=1}{\mathop{\overset{{{F}_{I}}}{\mathop{\mathop{}_{}^{}}}\,}}\,N_{i}^{^{\prime \prime }}}{\sigma }+\frac{1}{\sigma }\underset{i=1}{\mathop{\overset{{{F}_{I}}}{\mathop{\underset{}{\overset{}{\mathop \sum }}\,}}\,}}\,N_{i}^{^{\prime \prime }}\left( \frac{{{e}^{\tfrac{T_{{{L}_{i}}}^{^{\prime \prime }}-\mu }{\sigma }}}}{1+{{e}^{\tfrac{T_{{{L}_{i}}}^{^{\prime \prime }}-\mu }{\sigma }}}}+\frac{{{e}^{\tfrac{T_{{{R}_{i}}}^{^{\prime \prime }}-\mu }{\sigma }}}}{1+{{e}^{\tfrac{T_{{{R}_{i}}}^{^{\prime \prime }}-\mu }{\sigma }}}} \right)  
\end{align}\,\!</math>




::<math>\begin{align}
  \frac{\partial \Lambda }{\partial \sigma }= & -\underset{i=1}{\mathop{\overset{{{F}_{e}}}{\mathop{\underset{}{\overset{}{\mathop \sum }}\,}}\,}}\,{{N}_{i}}\frac{{{T}_{i}}-\mu }{{{\sigma }^{2}}}-\frac{1}{\sigma }\underset{i=1}{\mathop{\overset{{{F}_{e}}}{\mathop{\underset{}{\overset{}{\mathop \sum }}\,}}\,}}\,{{N}_{i}}+\frac{2}{\sigma }\underset{i=1}{\mathop{\overset{{{F}_{e}}}{\mathop{\underset{}{\overset{}{\mathop \sum }}\,}}\,}}\,{{N}_{i}}\frac{\tfrac{{{T}_{i}}-\mu }{\sigma }{{e}^{\tfrac{{{T}_{i}}-\mu }{\sigma }}}}{1+{{e}^{\tfrac{{{T}_{i}}-\mu }{\sigma }}}} \\ 
  & +\frac{1}{\sigma }\underset{i=1}{\mathop{\overset{S}{\mathop{\underset{}{\overset{}{\mathop \sum }}\,}}\,}}\,N_{i}^{^{\prime }}\frac{\tfrac{T_{i}^{^{\prime }}-\mu }{\sigma }{{e}^{\tfrac{T_{i}^{^{\prime }}-\mu }{\sigma }}}}{1+{{e}^{\tfrac{T_{i}^{^{\prime }}-\mu }{\sigma }}}} \\ 
 & \frac{1}{\sigma }\underset{i=1}{\mathop{\overset{{{F}_{I}}}{\mathop{\underset{}{\overset{}{\mathop \sum }}\,}}\,}}\,N_{i}^{^{\prime \prime }}(\frac{\tfrac{T_{{{L}_{i}}}^{^{\prime \prime }}-\mu }{\sigma }{{e}^{\tfrac{T_{{{L}_{i}}}^{^{\prime \prime }}-\mu }{\sigma }}}}{1+{{e}^{\tfrac{T_{{{L}_{i}}}^{^{\prime \prime }}-\mu }{\sigma }}}}+\frac{\tfrac{T_{{{R}_{i}}}^{^{\prime \prime }}-\mu }{\sigma }{{e}^{\tfrac{T_{{{R}_{i}}}^{^{\prime \prime }}-\mu }{\sigma }}}}{1+{{e}^{\tfrac{T_{{{R}_{i}}}^{^{\prime \prime }}-\mu }{\sigma }}}} \\ 
  & -\frac{\tfrac{T_{{{R}_{i}}}^{^{\prime \prime }}-\mu }{\sigma }{{e}^{\tfrac{T_{{{R}_{i}}}^{^{\prime \prime }}-\mu }{\sigma }}}-\tfrac{T_{{{L}_{i}}}^{^{\prime \prime }}-\mu }{\sigma }{{e}^{\tfrac{T_{{{L}_{i}}}^{^{\prime \prime }}-\mu }{\sigma }}}}{{{e}^{\tfrac{T_{{{R}_{i}}}^{^{\prime \prime }}-\mu }{\sigma }}}-{{e}^{\tfrac{T_{{{L}_{i}}}^{^{\prime \prime }}-\mu }{\sigma }}}})  
\end{align}\,\!</math>

===  The Loglogistic Log-Likelihood Functions and their Partials===
This log-likelihood function is composed of three summation portions:

::<math>\begin{align}
   \ln (L)= & \Lambda =\underset{i=1}{\mathop{\overset{{{F}_{e}}}{\mathop{\underset{}{\overset{}{\mathop \sum }}\,}}\,}}\,{{N}_{i}}\ln \left( \frac{{{e}^{\tfrac{\ln ({{T}_{i}})-\mu }{\sigma }}}}{\sigma t{{(1+{{e}^{\tfrac{\ln ({{T}_{i}})-\mu }{\sigma }}})}^{2}}} \right) \\ 
   & -\underset{i=1}{\mathop{\overset{S}{\mathop{\underset{}{\overset{}{\mathop \sum }}\,}}\,}}\,N_{i}^{^{\prime }}\ln (1+{{e}^{\tfrac{\ln (T_{i}^{^{\prime }})-\mu }{\sigma }}}) \\ 
   & +\underset{i=1}{\mathop{\overset{{{F}_{I}}}{\mathop{\underset{}{\overset{}{\mathop \sum }}\,}}\,}}\,N_{i}^{^{\prime \prime }}\ln \left( \frac{1}{1+{{e}^{\tfrac{\ln (T_{{{L}_{i}}}^{^{\prime \prime }})-\mu }{\sigma }}}}-\frac{1}{1+{{e}^{\tfrac{\ln (T_{{{R}_{i}}}^{^{\prime \prime }})-\mu }{\sigma }}}} \right)  
\end{align}\,\!</math>

where:

:*<math>{{F}_{e}}\,\!</math> is the number of groups of times-to-failure data points
:*<math>{{N}_{i}}\,\!</math> is the number of times-to-failure in the <math>{{i}^{th}}\,\!</math> time-to-failure data group
:*<math>\mu \,\!</math> is the loglogistic shape parameter (unknown a priori, the first of two parameters to be found)
:*<math>\sigma \,\!</math> is the loglogistic scale parameter (unknown a priori, the second of two parameters to be found)
:*<math>{{T}_{i}}\,\!</math> is the time of the <math>{{i}^{th}}\,\!</math> group of time-to-failure data
:*<math>S\,\!</math> is the number of groups of suspension data points
:*<math>N_{i}^{\prime }\,\!</math> is the number of suspensions in <math>{{i}^{th}}\,\!</math> group of suspension data points
:*<math>T_{i}^{\prime }\,\!</math> is the time of the <math>{{i}^{th}}\,\!</math> suspension data group
:*<math>FI\,\!</math> is the number of interval failure data groups,
:*<math>N_{i}^{\prime \prime }\,\!</math> is the number of intervals in <math>{{i}^{th}}\,\!</math> group of data intervals
:*<math>T_{Li}^{\prime \prime }\,\!</math> is the beginning of the <math>{{i}^{th}}\,\!</math> interval
:*<math>T_{Ri}^{\prime \prime }\,\!</math> is the ending of the <math>{{i}^{th}}\,\!</math> interval 

For the purposes of MLE, left censored data will be considered to be intervals with <math>T_{Li}^{\prime \prime }=0.\,\!</math>

The solution of the maximum log-likelihood function is found by solving for (<math>\widehat{\mu },\widehat{\sigma })\,\!</math> so that <math>\tfrac{\partial \Lambda }{\partial \mu }=0,\tfrac{\partial \Lambda }{\partial \sigma }=0.\,\!</math>


::<math>\begin{align}
   \frac{\partial \Lambda }{\partial \mu }= & -\frac{\underset{i=1}{\mathop{\overset{{{F}_{e}}}{\mathop{\mathop{}_{}^{}}}\,}}\,{{N}_{i}}}{\sigma }+\frac{2}{\sigma }\underset{i=1}{\mathop{\overset{{{F}_{e}}}{\mathop{\underset{}{\overset{}{\mathop \sum }}\,}}\,}}\,{{N}_{i}}\frac{{{e}^{\tfrac{\ln ({{T}_{i}})-\mu }{\sigma }}}}{1+{{e}^{\tfrac{\ln ({{T}_{i}})-\mu }{\sigma }}}} \\ 
   & +\frac{1}{\sigma }\underset{i=1}{\mathop{\overset{S}{\mathop{\underset{}{\overset{}{\mathop \sum }}\,}}\,}}\,N_{i}^{^{\prime }}\frac{{{e}^{\tfrac{\ln (T_{i}^{^{\prime }})-\mu }{\sigma }}}}{1+{{e}^{\tfrac{\ln (T_{i}^{^{\prime }})-\mu }{\sigma }}}}-\frac{{{F}_{I}}}{\sigma } \\ 
   & +\frac{1}{\sigma }\underset{i=1}{\mathop{\overset{{{F}_{I}}}{\mathop{\underset{}{\overset{}{\mathop \sum }}\,}}\,}}\,N_{i}^{^{\prime \prime }}\left( \frac{{{e}^{\tfrac{\ln (T_{{{L}_{i}}}^{^{\prime \prime }})-\mu }{\sigma }}}}{1+{{e}^{\tfrac{\ln (T_{{{L}_{i}}}^{^{\prime \prime }})-\mu }{\sigma }}}}+\frac{{{e}^{\tfrac{\ln (T_{{{R}_{i}}}^{^{\prime \prime }})-\mu }{\sigma }}}}{1+{{e}^{\tfrac{\ln (T_{{{R}_{i}}}^{^{\prime \prime }})-\mu }{\sigma }}}} \right)  
\end{align}\,\!</math>



::<math>\begin{align}
   \frac{\partial \Lambda }{\partial \sigma }= & -\underset{i=1}{\mathop{\overset{{{F}_{e}}}{\mathop{\underset{}{\overset{}{\mathop \sum }}\,}}\,}}\,{{N}_{i}}\frac{\ln ({{T}_{i}})-\mu }{{{\sigma }^{2}}}-\frac{1}{\sigma }\underset{i=1}{\mathop{\overset{{{F}_{e}}}{\mathop{\underset{}{\overset{}{\mathop \sum }}\,}}\,}}\,{{N}_{i}}+\frac{2}{\sigma }\underset{i=1}{\mathop{\overset{{{F}_{e}}}{\mathop{\underset{}{\overset{}{\mathop \sum }}\,}}\,}}\,{{N}_{i}}\frac{\tfrac{\ln ({{T}_{i}})-\mu }{\sigma }{{e}^{\tfrac{\ln ({{T}_{i}})-\mu }{\sigma }}}}{1+{{e}^{\tfrac{\ln ({{T}_{i}})-\mu }{\sigma }}}} \\ 
   & +\frac{1}{\sigma }\underset{i=1}{\mathop{\overset{S}{\mathop{\underset{}{\overset{}{\mathop \sum }}\,}}\,}}\,N_{i}^{^{\prime }}\frac{\tfrac{\ln (T_{i}^{^{\prime }})-\mu }{\sigma }{{e}^{\tfrac{\ln (T_{i}^{^{\prime }})-\mu }{\sigma }}}}{1+{{e}^{\tfrac{\ln (T_{i}^{^{\prime }})-\mu }{\sigma }}}} \\ 
   & \frac{1}{\sigma }\underset{i=1}{\mathop{\overset{{{F}_{I}}}{\mathop{\underset{}{\overset{}{\mathop \sum }}\,}}\,}}\,N_{i}^{^{\prime \prime }}(\frac{\tfrac{\ln (T_{{{L}_{i}}}^{^{\prime \prime }})-\mu }{\sigma }{{e}^{\tfrac{\ln (T_{{{L}_{i}}}^{^{\prime \prime }})-\mu }{\sigma }}}}{1+{{e}^{\tfrac{\ln (T_{{{L}_{i}}}^{^{\prime \prime }})-\mu }{\sigma }}}}+\frac{\tfrac{T_{{{R}_{i}}}^{^{\prime \prime }}-\mu }{\sigma }{{e}^{\tfrac{\ln (T_{{{R}_{i}}}^{^{\prime \prime }})-\mu }{\sigma }}}}{1+{{e}^{\tfrac{\ln (T_{{{R}_{i}}}^{^{\prime \prime }})-\mu }{\sigma }}}} \\ 
   & -\frac{\tfrac{\ln (T_{{{R}_{i}}}^{^{\prime \prime }})-\mu }{\sigma }{{e}^{\tfrac{\ln (T_{{{R}_{i}}}^{^{\prime \prime }})-\mu }{\sigma }}}-\tfrac{\ln (T_{{{L}_{i}}}^{^{\prime \prime }})-\mu }{\sigma }{{e}^{\tfrac{\ln (T_{{{L}_{i}}}^{^{\prime \prime }})-\mu }{\sigma }}}}{{{e}^{\tfrac{\ln (T_{{{R}_{i}}}^{^{\prime \prime }})-\mu }{\sigma }}}-{{e}^{\tfrac{\ln (T_{{{L}_{i}}}^{^{\prime \prime }})-\mu }{\sigma }}}})  
\end{align}\,\!</math>

===  The Gumbel Log-Likelihood Functions and their Partials===
This log-likelihood function is composed of three summation portions:

::<math>\begin{align}
   \ln (L)= & \Lambda =\underset{i=1}{\mathop{\overset{{{F}_{e}}}{\mathop{\underset{}{\overset{}{\mathop \sum }}\,}}\,}}\,{{N}_{i}}\ln \left( \frac{{{e}^{\tfrac{{{T}_{i}}-\mu }{\sigma }-{{e}^{\tfrac{{{T}_{i}}-\mu }{\sigma }}}}}}{\sigma } \right) \\ 
   & -\underset{i=1}{\mathop{\overset{S}{\mathop{\underset{}{\overset{}{\mathop \sum }}\,}}\,}}\,N_{i}^{^{\prime }}\ln \left( {{e}^{-{{e}^{\tfrac{T_{i}^{^{\prime }}-\mu }{\sigma }}}}} \right) \\ 
   & +\underset{i=1}{\mathop{\overset{{{F}_{I}}}{\mathop{\underset{}{\overset{}{\mathop \sum }}\,}}\,}}\,N_{i}^{^{\prime \prime }}\ln \left( {{e}^{-{{e}^{\tfrac{T_{{{L}_{i}}}^{^{\prime \prime }}-\mu }{\sigma }}}}}-{{e}^{-{{e}^{\tfrac{T_{{{R}_{i}}}^{^{\prime \prime }}-\mu }{\sigma }}}}} \right)  
\end{align}\,\!</math>

or:

::<math>\begin{align}
   \Lambda = & \underset{i=1}{\mathop{\overset{{{F}_{e}}}{\mathop{\underset{}{\overset{}{\mathop \sum }}\,}}\,}}\,{{N}_{i}}\left( \frac{{{T}_{i}}-\mu }{\sigma }-{{e}^{\tfrac{{{T}_{i}}-\mu }{\sigma }}} \right)-\ln (\sigma )\underset{i=1}{\mathop{\overset{{{F}_{e}}}{\mathop{\underset{}{\overset{}{\mathop \sum }}\,}}\,}}\,{{N}_{i}} \\ 
   & +\underset{i=1}{\mathop{\overset{S}{\mathop{\underset{}{\overset{}{\mathop \sum }}\,}}\,}}\,N_{i}^{^{\prime }}{{e}^{\tfrac{T_{i}^{^{\prime }}-\mu }{\sigma }}} \\ 
   & +\underset{i=1}{\mathop{\overset{{{F}_{I}}}{\mathop{\underset{}{\overset{}{\mathop \sum }}\,}}\,}}\,N_{i}^{^{\prime \prime }}\ln \left( {{e}^{-{{e}^{\tfrac{T_{{{L}_{i}}}^{^{\prime \prime }}-\mu }{\sigma }}}}}-{{e}^{-{{e}^{\tfrac{T_{{{R}_{i}}}^{^{\prime \prime }}-\mu }{\sigma }}}}} \right)  
\end{align}\,\!</math>

where:

:*<math>{{F}_{e}}\,\!</math> is the number of groups of times-to-failure data points
:*<math>{{N}_{i}}\,\!</math> is the number of times-to-failure in the <math>{{i}^{th}}\,\!</math> time-to-failure data group
:*<math>\mu \,\!</math> is the Gumbel shape parameter (unknown a priori, the first of two parameters to be found)
:*<math>\sigma \,\!</math> is the Gumbel scale parameter (unknown a priori, the second of two parameters to be found)
:*<math>{{T}_{i}}\,\!</math> is the time of the <math>{{i}^{th}}\,\!</math> group of time-to-failure data
:*<math>S\,\!</math> is the number of groups of suspension data points
:*<math>N_{i}^{\prime }\,\!</math> is the number of suspensions in <math>{{i}^{th}}\,\!</math> group of suspension data points
:*<math>T_{i}^{\prime }\,\!</math> is the time of the <math>{{i}^{th}}\,\!</math> suspension data group
:*<math>FI\,\!</math> is the number of interval failure data groups
:*<math>N_{i}^{\prime \prime }\,\!</math> is the number of intervals in <math>{{i}^{th}}\,\!</math> group of data intervals
:*<math>T_{Li}^{\prime \prime }\,\!</math> is the beginning of the <math>{{i}^{th}}\,\!</math> interval
:*<math>T_{Ri}^{\prime \prime }\,\!</math> is the ending of the <math>{{i}^{th}}\,\!</math> interval

For the purposes of MLE, left censored data will be considered to be intervals with <math>T_{Li}^{\prime \prime }=0.\,\!</math>

The solution of the maximum log-likelihood function is found by solving for (<math>\widehat{\mu },\widehat{\sigma })\,\!</math> so that:

::<math>\tfrac{\partial \Lambda }{\partial \mu }=0,\tfrac{\partial \Lambda }{\partial \sigma }=0.\,\!</math>


::<math>\begin{align}
  \frac{\partial \Lambda }{\partial \mu }= & -\frac{1}{\sigma }\underset{i=1}{\mathop{\overset{{{F}_{e}}}{\mathop{\underset{}{\overset{}{\mathop \sum }}\,}}\,}}\,{{N}_{i}}+\frac{1}{\sigma }\underset{i=1}{\mathop{\overset{{{F}_{e}}}{\mathop{\underset{}{\overset{}{\mathop \sum }}\,}}\,}}\,{{N}_{i}}{{e}^{\tfrac{{{T}_{i}}-\mu }{\sigma }}}-\frac{1}{\sigma }\underset{i=1}{\mathop{\overset{S}{\mathop{\underset{}{\overset{}{\mathop \sum }}\,}}\,}}\,N_{i}^{^{\prime }}{{e}^{\tfrac{T_{i}^{^{\prime }}-\mu }{\sigma }}} \\ 
   & +\frac{1}{\sigma }\underset{i=1}{\mathop{\overset{{{F}_{I}}}{\mathop{\underset{}{\overset{}{\mathop \sum }}\,}}\,}}\,N_{i}^{^{\prime \prime }}\left( \frac{{{e}^{\tfrac{T_{{{L}_{i}}}^{^{\prime \prime }}-\mu }{\sigma }-{{e}^{\tfrac{T_{{{L}_{i}}}^{^{\prime \prime }}-\mu }{\sigma }}}}}-{{e}^{\tfrac{T_{{{R}_{i}}}^{^{\prime \prime }}-\mu }{\sigma }-{{e}^{\tfrac{T_{{{R}_{i}}}^{^{\prime \prime }}-\mu }{\sigma }}}}}}{{{e}^{-{{e}^{\tfrac{T_{{{L}_{i}}}^{^{\prime \prime }}-\mu }{\sigma }}}}}-{{e}^{-{{e}^{\tfrac{T_{{{R}_{i}}}^{^{\prime \prime }}-\mu }{\sigma }}}}}} \right)  
\end{align}\,\!</math>



::<math>\begin{align}
   \frac{\partial \Lambda }{\partial \sigma }= & -\underset{i=1}{\mathop{\overset{{{F}_{e}}}{\mathop{\underset{}{\overset{}{\mathop \sum }}\,}}\,}}\,{{N}_{i}}\frac{{{T}_{i}}-\mu }{{{\sigma }^{2}}}-\frac{1}{\sigma }\underset{i=1}{\mathop{\overset{{{F}_{e}}}{\mathop{\underset{}{\overset{}{\mathop \sum }}\,}}\,}}\,+\frac{1}{\sigma }\underset{i=1}{\mathop{\overset{{{F}_{e}}}{\mathop{\underset{}{\overset{}{\mathop \sum }}\,}}\,}}\,{{N}_{i}}\frac{{{T}_{i}}-\mu }{\sigma }{{e}^{\tfrac{{{T}_{i}}-\mu }{\sigma }}} \\ 
   & -\frac{1}{\sigma }\underset{i=1}{\mathop{\overset{S}{\mathop{\underset{}{\overset{}{\mathop \sum }}\,}}\,}}\,N_{i}^{^{\prime }}\frac{T_{i}^{^{\prime }}-\mu }{\sigma }{{e}^{\tfrac{T_{i}^{^{\prime }}-\mu }{\sigma }}}+\frac{1}{\sigma }\underset{i=1}{\mathop{\overset{{{F}_{I}}}{\mathop{\underset{}{\overset{}{\mathop \sum }}\,}}\,}}\,N_{i}^{^{\prime \prime }} \\ 
   & \left( \frac{\tfrac{T_{{{L}_{i}}}^{^{\prime \prime }}-\mu }{\sigma }{{e}^{\tfrac{T_{{{L}_{i}}}^{^{\prime \prime }}-\mu }{\sigma }-{{e}^{\tfrac{T_{{{L}_{i}}}^{^{\prime \prime }}-\mu }{\sigma }}}}}-\tfrac{T_{{{R}_{i}}}^{^{\prime \prime }}-\mu }{\sigma }{{e}^{\tfrac{T_{{{R}_{i}}}^{^{\prime \prime }}-\mu }{\sigma }-{{e}^{\tfrac{T_{{{R}_{i}}}^{^{\prime \prime }}-\mu }{\sigma }}}}}}{{{e}^{-{{e}^{\tfrac{T_{{{L}_{i}}}^{^{\prime \prime }}-\mu }{\sigma }}}}}-{{e}^{-{{e}^{\tfrac{T_{{{R}_{i}}}^{^{\prime \prime }}-\mu }{\sigma }}}}}} \right)  
\end{align}\,\!</math>

===  The Gamma Log-Likelihood Functions and their Partials===
This log-likelihood function is composed of three summation portions:

::<math>\begin{align}
   \ln (L)= & \Lambda =\underset{i=1}{\mathop{\overset{{{F}_{e}}}{\mathop{\underset{}{\overset{}{\mathop \sum }}\,}}\,}}\,{{N}_{i}}\ln \left( \frac{{{e}^{k(\ln ({{T}_{i}})-\mu )-{{e}^{{{e}^{\ln ({{T}_{i}})-\mu }}}}}}}{{{T}_{i}}\Gamma (k)} \right) \\ 
   & +\underset{i=1}{\mathop{\overset{S}{\mathop{\underset{}{\overset{}{\mathop \sum }}\,}}\,}}\,N_{i}^{^{\prime }}\ln \left( 1-\Gamma \left( _{1}k;{{e}^{\ln (T_{i}^{^{\prime }})-\mu )}} \right) \right) \\ 
   & +\underset{i=1}{\mathop{\overset{{{F}_{I}}}{\mathop{\underset{}{\overset{}{\mathop \sum }}\,}}\,}}\,N_{i}^{^{\prime \prime }}\ln \left( {{\Gamma }_{1}}\left( k;{{e}^{\ln (T_{{{R}_{i}}}^{^{\prime \prime }})-\mu }} \right)-{{\Gamma }_{1}}\left( k;{{e}^{\ln (T_{{{L}_{i}}}^{^{\prime \prime }})-\mu }} \right) \right)  
\end{align}\,\!</math>

or:

::<math>\begin{align}
   \Lambda = & \underset{i=1}{\mathop{\overset{{{F}_{e}}}{\mathop{-\underset{}{\overset{}{\mathop \sum }}\,}}\,}}\,{{N}_{i}}\ln ({{T}_{i}})\underset{i=1}{\mathop{\overset{{{F}_{e}}}{\mathop{-\underset{}{\overset{}{\mathop \sum }}\,}}\,}}\,{{N}_{i}}\ln (\Gamma (k))+k\underset{i=1}{\mathop{\overset{{{F}_{e}}}{\mathop{\underset{}{\overset{}{\mathop \sum }}\,}}\,}}\,{{N}_{i}}(\ln ({{T}_{i}})-\mu ) \\ 
   & \underset{i=1}{\mathop{\overset{{{F}_{e}}}{\mathop{-\underset{}{\overset{}{\mathop \sum }}\,}}\,}}\,{{N}_{i}}{{e}^{\ln ({{T}_{i}})-\mu }} \\ 
   & +\underset{i=1}{\mathop{\overset{S}{\mathop{\underset{}{\overset{}{\mathop \sum }}\,}}\,}}\,N_{i}^{^{\prime }}\ln \left( 1-{{\Gamma }_{1}}\left( k;{{e}^{\ln (T_{i}^{^{\prime }})-\mu }} \right) \right) \\ 
   & +\underset{i=1}{\mathop{\overset{{{F}_{I}}}{\mathop{\underset{}{\overset{}{\mathop \sum }}\,}}\,}}\,N_{i}^{^{\prime \prime }}\ln \left( {{\Gamma }_{1}}\left( k;{{e}^{\ln (T_{{{R}_{i}}}^{^{\prime \prime }})-\mu )}} \right)-{{\Gamma }_{1}}\left( k;{{e}^{\ln (T_{{{L}_{i}}}^{^{\prime \prime }})-\mu )}} \right) \right)  
\end{align}\,\!</math>


where:
:*<math>{{F}_{e}}\,\!</math> is the number of groups of times-to-failure data points
:*<math>{{N}_{i}}\,\!</math> is the number of times-to-failure in the <math>{{i}^{th}}\,\!</math> time-to-failure data group
:*<math>\mu \,\!</math> is the gamma shape parameter (unknown a priori, the first of two parameters to be found)
:*<math>k\,\!</math> is the gamma scale parameter (unknown a priori, the second of two parameters to be found)
:*<math>{{T}_{i}}\,\!</math> is the time of the <math>{{i}^{th}}\,\!</math> group of time-to-failure data
:*<math>S\,\!</math> is the number of groups of suspension data points
:*<math>N_{i}^{\prime }\,\!</math> is the number of suspensions in <math>{{i}^{th}}\,\!</math> group of suspension data points
:*<math>T_{i}^{\prime }\,\!</math> is the time of the <math>{{i}^{th}}\,\!</math> suspension data group
:*<math>FI\,\!</math> is the number of interval failure data groups
:*<math>N_{i}^{\prime \prime }\,\!</math> is the number of intervals in <math>{{i}^{th}}\,\!</math> group of data intervals
:*<math>T_{Li}^{\prime \prime }\,\!</math> is the beginning of the <math>{{i}^{th}}\,\!</math> interval
:*and <math>T_{Ri}^{\prime \prime }\,\!</math> is the ending of the <math>{{i}^{th}}\,\!</math> interval

For the purposes of MLE, left censored data will be considered to be intervals with <math>T_{Li}^{\prime \prime }=0.\,\!</math>

The solution of the maximum log-likelihood function is found by solving for (<math>\widehat{\mu },\widehat{\sigma })\,\!</math> so that <math>\tfrac{\partial \Lambda }{\partial \mu }=0,\tfrac{\partial \Lambda }{\partial k}=0.\,\!</math>


::<math>\begin{align}
   \frac{\partial \Lambda }{\partial \mu }= & -k\underset{i=1}{\mathop{\overset{{{F}_{e}}}{\mathop{\underset{}{\overset{}{\mathop \sum }}\,}}\,}}\,{{N}_{i}}+\underset{i=1}{\mathop{\overset{{{F}_{e}}}{\mathop{\underset{}{\overset{}{\mathop \sum }}\,}}\,}}\,{{N}_{i}}{{e}^{\ln ({{T}_{i}})-\mu }} \\ 
   & +\frac{1}{\Gamma (k)}\underset{i=1}{\mathop{\overset{S}{\mathop{\underset{}{\overset{}{\mathop \sum }}\,}}\,}}\,N_{i}^{^{\prime }}\frac{{{e}^{k\left( \ln (T_{i}^{^{\prime }})-\mu )-{{e}^{\ln (T_{i}^{^{\prime }})-\mu )}} \right)}}}{1-{{\Gamma }_{1}}\left( k;{{e}^{\ln (T_{i}^{^{\prime }})-\mu }} \right)} \\ 
   & +\frac{1}{\Gamma (k)}\underset{i=1}{\mathop{\overset{{{F}_{I}}}{\mathop{\underset{}{\overset{}{\mathop \sum }}\,}}\,}}\,N_{i}^{^{\prime \prime }}\{\frac{{{e}^{k{{e}^{{{e}^{\ln (T_{{{R}_{i}}}^{^{\prime \prime }})-\mu }}}}-{{e}^{{{e}^{\ln (T_{{{R}_{i}}}^{^{\prime \prime }})-\mu }}}}}}}{{{\Gamma }_{1}}\left( k;{{e}^{\ln (T_{{{R}_{i}}}^{^{\prime \prime }})-\mu }} \right)-{{\Gamma }_{1}}\left( k;{{e}^{\ln (T_{{{L}_{i}}}^{^{\prime \prime }})-\mu }} \right)} \\ 
   & -\frac{{{e}^{k{{e}^{\ln (T_{{{L}_{i}}}^{^{\prime \prime }})-\mu }}-{{e}^{{{e}^{\ln (T_{{{L}_{i}}}^{^{\prime \prime }})-\mu }}}}}}}{{{\Gamma }_{1}}\left( k;{{e}^{\ln (T_{{{R}_{i}}}^{^{\prime \prime }})-\mu }} \right)-{{\Gamma }_{1}}\left( k;{{e}^{\ln (T_{{{L}_{i}}}^{^{\prime \prime }})-\mu }} \right)}\}  
\end{align}\,\!</math>




::<math>\begin{align}
   \frac{\partial \Lambda }{\partial k}= & \underset{i=1}{\mathop{\overset{{{F}_{e}}}{\mathop{\underset{}{\overset{}{\mathop \sum }}\,}}\,}}\,{{N}_{i}}(\ln ({{T}_{i}})-\mu )-\frac{{{\Gamma }^{^{\prime }}}(k)\underset{i=1}{\mathop{\overset{{{F}_{e}}}{\mathop{\mathop{}_{}^{}}}\,}}\,{{N}_{i}}}{\Gamma (k)} \\ 
   & -\underset{i=1}{\mathop{\overset{S}{\mathop{\underset{}{\overset{}{\mathop \sum }}\,}}\,}}\,N_{i}^{^{\prime }}\frac{\tfrac{\partial {{\Gamma }_{1}}(k;{{e}^{\ln (T_{i}^{^{\prime }})-\mu }})}{\partial k}}{1-{{\Gamma }_{1}}\left( k;{{e}^{\ln (T_{i}^{^{\prime }})-\mu }} \right)} \\ 
   & +\underset{i=1}{\mathop{\overset{{{F}_{I}}}{\mathop{\underset{}{\overset{}{\mathop \sum }}\,}}\,}}\,N_{i}^{^{\prime \prime }}\left( \frac{\tfrac{\partial {{\Gamma }_{1}}\left( k;{{e}^{\ln (T_{{{L}_{i}}}^{^{\prime \prime }})-\mu }} \right)}{\partial k}-\tfrac{\partial {{\Gamma }_{1}}\left( k;{{e}^{\ln (T_{{{R}_{i}}}^{^{\prime \prime }})-\mu }} \right)}{\partial k}}{{{\Gamma }_{1}}\left( k;{{e}^{\ln (T_{{{R}_{i}}}^{^{\prime \prime }})-\mu }} \right)-{{\Gamma }_{1}}\left( k;{{e}^{\ln (T_{{{L}_{i}}}^{^{\prime \prime }})-\mu }}) \right)} \right)  
\end{align}\,\!</math>